ماضی ساده
مثال زیر را بررسی کنید:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and composer. He Lived from 1756 to 1791. He started composing at the age of five and wrote more than 600 pieces of music.He was only 35 years old when he died
موتزارت یک موزیسین اتریشی بود.او از سال ۱۷۵۶ تا ۱۷۹۱ زندگی کرد.او از پنج سالگی شروع به اهنگسازی کرد و بیش از ۶۰۰ قطعه موسیقی نوشت.او فقط ۳۵ سال داشت وقتی فوت کرد
lived/started/wrote/was/died نمونه هایی از ماضی ساده است.
افعال با قاعده(regular verbs) با اضافه کردن ed- به انتهای انها به شکل ماضی در می آیند.
.I work in a travel agency now. Before that I worked in a department store
.We invited them to our party, but they decided not to come
The police stopped me on my way home last night
Laura passed her exam because she studied very hard
اما بسیاری از افعال، بی قاعده هستند یعنی قانون خاصی برای ماضی کردن انها وجود ندارد و ed- نمی گیرند.برای مثال:
برای سوالی کردن و منفی کردن ماضی ساده از قاعده زیر استفاده میکنیم:
?Did you go out last night
.Yes, I went to the cinema, but I didn’t enjoy the film much
?What did you do at the weekend
Did you have time to do the shopping? No, I didn’t
تمرین:
در جاهای خالی ماضی ساده افعال مورد نظر را بنویسید
lt was warm, so I …… off my coat. (take)
The film wasn’t very good. I ….. it much. (enjoy)
I knew Sarah was busy, so I ….. her. (disturb)
We were very tired, so we ……. the party early. (leave)
The bed was very uncomfortable. I ….. well. (sleep)
The window was open and a bird ……… into the room. (fly)
The hotel wasn’t very expensive. lt ….. much to stay there. (cost)
I was in a hurry, so I ……… time to phone you. (have)
lt was hard carrying the bags. They …… very heavy. (be)
ماضی استمراری
Yesterday Karen and jim played tennis. They started at 10 o’clock and finished at 11.30
.So, at 10.30 they were playing tennis
دیروز کارن و جیم تنیس بازی کردند.انها ساعت ده شزوع کردند و ساعت یازده و نیم تمام کردند.پس در ساعت ده و نیم انها تنیس بازی میکردند.
یعنی انها در وسط بازی کردن بودند و بازی انها تمام نشده بود.
was/were+verb+ing ساختار ماضی استمراری می باشد.
همانگونه که توضیح دادم، I was doing something یعنی من در وسط انجام کاری هستم که این کار از قبل شروع شده ولی هنوز تمام نشده است.
This time last year I was living in Brazil
?What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night
I waved to Helen, but she wasn’t looking
مقایسه ماضی ساده و استمراری
عموما از ماضی ساده و استمراری با یکدیگر استفاده می کنیم تا نشان بدهیم اتفاقی در وسط اتفاق دیگر رخ داد.
Matt phoned while we were having dinner
lt was raining when I got up
I saw you in the park yesterday. You were sitting on the grass and reading a book
I hurt my back while I was working in the garden
اما از ماضی ساده زمانی استفاده می کنیم که نشان بدهیم اتفاق ها یکی پس از دیگری رخ میدهند
I was walking along the road when I saw Dan. So I stopped, and we had a chat
مقایسه کنید:
تمرین: شکل مناسبی از ماضی ساده یا استمراری افعال زیر را در جای خالی قرار بدهید
jenny …… (wait) for me when I ….. (arrive)
‘What ……… (you / do) at this time yesterday?’ ‘I was asleep’
‘ out last night(you/go) ?’ ‘No, I was too tired ……’
? How fast ……….. (you / drive) when the accident (happen)
Sam …………… (take) a picture of me while I …….. (not I look)
When I was young, I …… (want) to be a pilot
(hear)……….. I…….. (walk) along the street when suddenly I
footsteps behind me. Somebody …….. (follow) me. I was
scared and I ……………………………. (start) to run
